Passage 3
A few years ago it was popular to speak of a generation gap, a disagreenment between young people and their elders. Parents said that children did not show them proper respect and obedience, while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? Actually the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many people argue that a gap is built into the fabric of our society. One important cause of the generation gap is the chance that young people have to choose their own ways of life. In more traditional societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and agree to, and to continue the family occupation. Nowadays, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents. In our easily changing society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, the strong desire that parents have for their children are another cause of the disagreement between them. Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other. Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations, In a traditional culture, elderly people revalued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date overnight. The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities. No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come. Its causes are rooted in the freedom and changes in our society, and in the rapid speed at which society changes.
()11.The main idea of the first paragraph is that .
A.the generation gap suddenly appeared
B.the generation gap is a feature of modern social life
C.people can reduce the generation gap
D.many critics argue over the nature of the generation gap
()12.The word “around” in Paragraph 1 means .
A.on all sidesB.near
C.in every directionD.in existence
()13.Which cause of the generation gap is not mentioned in the passage?
A.Young people like to choose their own life styles.
B.American society is changing very fast.
C.Parents place high hopes on their children.
D.Modern education makes them think differently.
()14.In American society, young people often .
A.depend on their parents to make a life
B.stay with their parents in order to get a chance for higher education
C.seek the best advice from their parents
D.have very little in common with their parents
()15.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.Parents should be strict with their children.
B.The younger generation should value the older generation for their wisdom.
C.The generation gap is partly caused by the older generation.
D.The generation gap does not exist in American society.
Ⅲ.Proofreading and Error Correction 20%
Directions:There are two passages in this part.Each passage contains no more than TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passages and correct them in the following way:
When∧art museum wants a new exhibit1.an
it never buys things in finished form and hangs2.
去掉
them on the wall. When a natural history museum3.√
wants an exhibition, it must often build it.4.
exhibit
Passage 1
Mr Grey was a biology professor, and he had
a big collection of extreme rare bones that he 1.
was very proud. One year he managed to get a better 2.
job at another university. Because he was very busy, 3.
his wife managed all their things to be taking in a trunk 4.
to their new home.
Three men started taking the things out the house 5.
and placed it in the truck. One man brought out a 6.
wooden box. He was just being about to throw it into 7.
the truck then Mrs Grey ran out and said, “Please 8.
treat that box very gentle! That one has all of my 9.
husband �� s bones in it.” Then man was surprised 10.
that he nearly dropped it on his feet.
Passage 2
Nobody can tell exactly why people first began to use salt, 11.
but it is well �� known that salt has used in many different ways 12.
throughout history. People who lived over 3000 years ago ate salted13.
fish. In ancient Egypt, salt was used to preserve dying bodies. 14.
Stealing salt were regarded as a serious crime in different 15.
times. In the 18th century, for example, a person was 16.
caught stealing salt, he was put into the prison. In the 17.
Roman Empire, one of the most important road was built 18.
specially for salt to be carried from the mines to Rome.
Guards were sent to protect the salt from stolen.19.
The guards got their pay in salt,from which the
English word “salary” originated.Any guard fell asleep 20.
while on duty was said to be “not worth his salt”.This
is still used today in English.
Ⅳ.Translation 30%
Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Throughout history,great thinkers have used their creativity and imagination to change the world.How do they come up with ideas for new inventions?Thinkers who have changed the world,do not seem to have much in common.They come from different cultures and have different backgrounds ,and only some of them did well at school.Greativity is not about getting high test scores,having a high IQ or being smart.Instead,it seems that creative thinking,which is one of the most highly valued skills in society,is a matter of habits.By thinking about the way we think and practising good thinking strategies,we can become more creative. Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but we must also realise that what we have learnt may also limit our thinking. To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem. Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and also try “impossible” or “crazy” solutions. If we looks only for the correct answer and reject ideas that do not provide a complete answer, we may get stuck. Partial solutions,and even failures,give us more information and clues that help us move towards a better solution. Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possibilities. Good solutions and new ideas are often the result of a change in perception. By looking at a problem in as many ways as possible, creative thinkers can find solutions that would otherwise remain invisible. As with thinking outside the box, the process includes a series of different attempts and several false starts. Each new way of looking at a situation improves our understanding and makes it easier to discover new possibilites. Great thinkers also like to make their ideas visible. A drawing or a model will help you see things that may otherwise remain hidden. Every new thought or idea has to be connected to what we already know. Unfortunately, it is easy to limit the possibilities of a new idea by connecting it to only one area of our previous knowledge. Great thinkers are aware of this and try to combine new and old ideas in as many different ways as possible. They also try to make connections that may seem strange at first. By comparing and connecting ideas and objects in new ways, creative thinkers are able to think of new applications and solutions. Many of the things that we use every day were invented by someone who saw similarities between his or her ideas and objects or systems in the world.
Ⅴ.Writing 30%
Directions:What do you think of the middle school education in China? Please write a composition about 100~150 words around this topic.
教育學、教育心理學部分
一、簡答題(本大題共2 小題，每小題5 分，共10 分)
1.簡述優(yōu)秀教師的主要特征。
2.簡述我國新一輪基礎教育課程評價改革的特點。
二、論述題(本大題共10 分)
3.聯(lián)系生活實際,談談作為教師個人,如何緩解工作帶來的心理壓力。
【答案解析】
專業(yè)基礎知識部分
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure
1.D 【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，由“我無法找到”這個當前的結(jié)果可看出應用現(xiàn)在完成時。
2.D 【解析】but 表轉(zhuǎn)折，由后半句“他現(xiàn)在非常喜歡踢足球”可看出，他過去常常打籃球。used to do sth. 意為“過去常常干某事”。
3.B 【解析】四個選項中只有B 是水上運動。
4.B 【解析】兩者之間用between。
5.D 【解析】make contribution to doing sth.意為“為……做貢獻”，to 在這里是介詞，故其后用ing 形式。
6.A 【解析】have/has been to…意為“去過某地”;have/has gone to…意為“去了某地”。
7.A 【解析】由后面的they 可判斷出，照片不止一張，故用復數(shù)，photo 的復數(shù)形式是photos。
8.D 【解析】中國第一大島是臺灣，海南是第二大島。
9.C 【解析】live with 意為“與……一起生活”;feed on 意為“以……為食”;eat at 意為“折磨”。
10.B 【解析】have difference from 意為“與……存在區(qū)別”，由many 可看出不止一個不同，故用differences。
11.A 【解析】yet 和already 都表示“已經(jīng)、還”，yet 用于否定句和疑問句，already 用于肯定句。
12.C 【解析】略。
13.D 【解析】由than 看出，此句應用比較級，much 可以用來修飾比較級。
14.A 【解析】略。
15.B 【解析】go on doing sth.意為“繼續(xù)干某事”。
16.B 【解析】略。
17.C 【解析】本句的意思是“我正跟他談話時想到了這個主意�！�
18.B 【解析】at that time 意為“在那個時候”，用過去進行時。
19.D 【解析】do 代替動詞come。
20.B 【解析】do you know 后面的從句應用陳述語句。
21.A 【解析】for the fist time 意為“第一次”。
22.D 【解析】some other things 意為“其他一些東西”。
23.C 【解析】hang 表示掛時，過去式為hung;表示絞死時，過去式為hanged。
24.A 【解析】作為速度來說，介詞用at。
25.D 【解析】advice 為不可數(shù)名詞，故用單數(shù)形式。
26.C 【解析】hardly 意為“幾乎不”，study hard 意為“學習刻苦”。
27.B 【解析】before long 意為“不久以后，在短時間內(nèi)”。
28.A 【解析】由since 看出應用現(xiàn)在完成時，happen 為不及物動詞，不能用被動語態(tài)。
29.B 【解析】at a time 意為“每次”，本句的意思是“每次只能有一匹馬通過這個門”。
30.C 【解析】go wrong 意為“誤入歧途”;go away 意為“離開”;go bad 意為“腐爛”;go well 意為“變好”。
31.D 【解析】由后一句“該走了”可判斷出前一句是問對方準備好沒有，故選D。
32.B 【解析】like to do 一般是一次性的動作、狀態(tài);like doing sth.是習慣、慣常的動作。
33.D 【解析】try on 意為“試穿”，代詞置于兩者中間。
34.B 【解析】本題考查情景對話，當對方無法回答你的問題時，應說Thank you all the same。
35.C 【解析】略。
36.C 【解析】本句意為“你喜歡哪天就哪天”。
37.C 【解析】略。
38.A 【解析】advanced device 意為“先進設備”，東西被隱藏是被動式，故用過去分詞。
39.B 【解析】略。
40.A 【解析】have effect on 意為“對……有影響”。
Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension
1-5 BDDAC6-10 DBDCA11-15 BDDDC
Ⅲ.Proofreading and Error Correction
1.extreme→extremely2.proud→proud of3.√
4.taking→taken5.out→out of 6.it→them
7.being 去掉8.then→when9.gentle→gently
10.was→was so11.why→when12.has→was
13.√14.dying→dead15.were→was
16.a→if a17.第一個the 去掉18.road→roads
19.from→from being
20.guard→guard who
Ⅳ.Translation
【參考答案】縱觀歷史，偉大的思想家用他們的創(chuàng)造力和想象力改變了世界。他們那些新發(fā)明的想法是怎樣來的呢?改變世界的思想家似乎沒有多少共同之處。他們來自不同的文化，有著不同的背景，并且他們中僅有一部分人學業(yè)優(yōu)異。創(chuàng)造力并不意味著在考試中得高分、高智商或很聰明。相反，作為一種社會上評價極高的技能，創(chuàng)造性思維似乎是一種習慣。通過反思我們的思維方式，鍛煉良好的思維模式，我們可以變得更具創(chuàng)造力。如果我們想獲得成功，知識和學習是非常重要的，但是我們也應該知道，我們了解和學到的東西也可能限制我們的思維。“新思維新思想”就是嘗試解決問題的新方法。發(fā)明家常常會換一種說法來表達一個問題，考慮那些具有創(chuàng)造性的解決方法，嘗試一些“不可能的”或者“不實際的”解決辦法。如果我們僅是為了尋找正確答案，且拒絕那些不能提供完整答案的想法，那么我們將會被困住。部分解決問題，甚至是失敗，都可以給我們提供更多的信息和線索，以便我們找到一種更好的解決辦法。創(chuàng)造性思維是一種有意識的努力，以此來打破舊的思維模式，開發(fā)新的可能性。好的解決方案和新想法通常是改變一種觀念的結(jié)果。通過從盡可能多的角度來看待一個問題，富有創(chuàng)造力的思想家可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在其他情況下可能覺察不了的答案。正如突破常規(guī)思考一樣，這個換個角度看問題的過程涉及到一系列不同的嘗試和一些錯誤的開端。每一種考慮情況的新方法都能加深我們的理解，使我們更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)新的可能性。偉大的思想家也喜歡讓人看到他們的想法。一幅圖畫或一個模型將幫助你看到在其他情況下隱藏著的東西。每一個新思想或新思路都會與我們已有的知識聯(lián)系起來，不幸的是，僅把這些新想法或新思路與我們已有知識的一個領域聯(lián)系起來將很容易限制它們實現(xiàn)的可能性。偉大的思想家了解到這一點，并且設法把新思想與舊知識以盡可能多的不同方式聯(lián)系起來。他們也嘗試進行一些起初看來很奇怪的聯(lián)系。通過新方法比較和聯(lián)系思想與目標，富有創(chuàng)造性的思想家能夠想出新的應用和解決辦法。我們現(xiàn)在每天使用的許多東西都是由那些發(fā)現(xiàn)其想法與世間對象或系統(tǒng)相似性的人發(fā)明的。
Ⅴ.Writing
【參考答案】略。
教育學、教育心理學部分
一、簡答題
1.【答案要點】(1)表現(xiàn)出工作熱情;(2)了解并跟上專業(yè)領域的變化;(3)搞好組織工作;(4)積極地講授;(5) 展現(xiàn)一種好的態(tài)度;(6)建立一種有效的班級管理模式;(7)制訂好教學步驟;(8)保持良好的人際關系;(9)明確傳達信息的能力;(10)有效的提問能力。
2.【答案要點】(1)淡化甄別與選拔功能，注重學生的全面發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)課程功能的轉(zhuǎn)化;
(2)突出學生的主體地位，倡導多主體參與評價;
(3)強調(diào)評價標準與內(nèi)容的多元化，關注情感、態(tài)度、價值觀的評價;
(4)強調(diào)質(zhì)性評價，采用多樣化的評價方法;
(5)強調(diào)終結(jié)性評價與形成性評價相結(jié)合，實現(xiàn)評價重心的轉(zhuǎn)移。
二、論述題
3.【答案要點】隨著時代的發(fā)展,學校、社會對于教學提出了更高的要求,這必然給教師帶來較以往更大的精神壓力,如何釋放壓力,提高教育教學的進取性和積極性,十分關鍵。因此,從學校、社會的層面上來說(一句話帶過),要關注教師的身心健康,并采取有效的措施,給教師們一個良好的教育教學大環(huán)境,而關鍵的是教師自身要學會合理地調(diào)節(jié)和轉(zhuǎn)移不良情緒。如:
(1)培養(yǎng)豁達的人生觀和高尚的價值觀
①面對利益:不斤斤計較,不貪得無厭,不追逐名利,不過高過份地要求自己;
②讀書明理:通過閱讀,提升思想境界,淡泊名利,自得其樂;
③樂于助人:從幫助他人之中獲取精神上的快樂,做精神上的富翁;
④坦然生活:驅(qū)除幻想,一切從實際出發(fā),知足常樂。
(2)建立良好的人際關系
①處理好與同事、上下級、學生及其家長、朋友之間的關系;
②處理好與家庭成員,親戚之間的關系。 因此,通過與上述人員之間的溝通、互動,可以緩解教師內(nèi)在的心理壓力,使教師獲得安全感、滿足感、舒適感,情緒處于穩(wěn)定,有利于促進自身教育教學工作的成功開展。在各類人際交往的過程中教師應遵循嚴以律己、寬以待人的原則,注意避免固執(zhí)己見或斤斤計較,從而建立起良好的人際交往圈,使自己生活在一個良好的精神環(huán)境中。